Which of the following best defines "punishable offenses"?

"Punishable offenses" refer specifically to actions that are deemed illegal by law and are therefore subject to prosecution. This definition is rooted in the legal framework where certain behaviors violate established laws, creating the possibility of legal consequences, such as fines, imprisonment, or other penalties.

By identifying these actions as illegal, the law provides a mechanism for enforcement, ensuring that individuals or entities who engage in such behavior can be held accountable. This concept is fundamental in criminal law, where the state has the authority to prosecute individuals who commit acts that disrupt societal order or are harmful to others.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately represent the concept of punishable offenses. The first option describes actions that are legally permissible and do not incur penalties, which is contrary to the idea of punishability. The third option refers to activities needing special permissions, which may cover regulated behaviors but does not inherently suggest illegality or punishment. Lastly, the fourth option speaks to acts encouraged by law, which would not be considered punishable since they are not violations of legal statutes. Thus, the best definition recognizes that punishable offenses are tied to illegal actions that attract legal repercussions.