What fundamental freedoms does the First Amendment protect?

The First Amendment of the United States Constitution is crucial in safeguarding several foundational freedoms that are essential to the functioning of a democratic society. It explicitly protects the freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government. These rights are integral to ensuring that individuals can express their thoughts and beliefs freely, communicate ideas through various media, gather peacefully for collective expression, and seek governmental redress for grievances.

This combination of protections is designed to foster an open discourse within society, allowing for the free exchange of ideas and the ability to challenge or support government actions without fear of retribution. These rights not only empower individuals but also serve as a check on government power, holding it accountable to the people. This makes the First Amendment a cornerstone in the protection of civil liberties in the United States.

In contrast, the other options pertain to different amendments within the Bill of Rights. The right to bear arms relates to the Second Amendment, while rights of the accused and protection against self-incrimination are covered under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments. Thus, option B accurately encapsulates the specific freedoms guaranteed by the First Amendment.