What does the term "immunity" refer to in legal contexts?

The term "immunity" in legal contexts primarily refers to the protection from being sued or prosecuted under specific circumstances. This legal principle is important because it allows certain individuals or entities, such as government officials or witnesses, to perform their duties or provide testimony without the fear of legal repercussions.

For example, legislative immunity protects lawmakers from being sued for actions taken during their official duties, promoting free and open discussions essential for governance. Similarly, witness immunity ensures that people can testify in court without fearing that their statements could lead to personal liability. The immunity granted under various laws aims to encourage the performance of public service and the administration of justice.

The other options do not accurately describe immunity in the legal sense. Free speech guarantees belong to constitutional rights, insurance pertains to financial protection against risks, and denying claims made by opponents does not encompass the legal framework of immunity.