What does the term "appeal" mean in legal procedures?

The term "appeal" in legal procedures specifically refers to the process by which a party requests a higher court to review the decision made by a lower court. When someone files an appeal, they are essentially asking the appellate court to examine whether the lower court made errors in its rulings or interpretations of the law that affected the outcome of the case.

This process is critical in the judicial system as it provides a mechanism for correcting potential mistakes and ensuring that justice is served. The higher court will review the record of the lower court's proceedings and legal arguments presented by both sides, allowing for a thorough evaluation without re-examining physical evidence or hearing from witnesses again.

Understanding the purpose of an appeal is key in recognizing how it functions within the broader context of the legal system, ensuring that rights are protected and legal interpretations are consistent across cases. Other options, while related to legal processes, do not define "appeal." For instance, filing a complaint against an attorney pertains to professional conduct rather than case decisions, presenting evidence refers to trial procedures, and negotiations for out-of-court settlements relate to alternative dispute resolution rather than appellate review.