Federal power, according to the U.S. Constitution, is primarily given to which entity?

The correct answer is that federal power is primarily given to Congress. The U.S. Constitution establishes a system of federalism, which divides power between the national and state governments. The legislative branch of the federal government, which is Congress, is specifically granted a range of powers that are outlined in Article I of the Constitution. These powers include the ability to make laws, levy taxes, regulate commerce, and declare war, among others.

While the President has significant executive authority and the Supreme Court has the power to interpret the law, it is Congress that holds the primary legislative authority in the federal system. This design reflects the framers' intention for Congress to be the most representative branch, reflecting the will of the people through elected representatives. In contrast, states retain their own powers and may exercise authority not expressly delegated to the federal government, which is a key aspect of the federal structure. Hence, the concentration of legislative power in Congress is fundamental to understanding the balance of governmental powers in the U.S. legal system.