According to the US Constitution, while states have power, they cannot do what to federal rights?

The correct response focuses on the principle of federalism, where the U.S. Constitution establishes a system of government with both federal and state powers. While states possess certain powers and rights, they cannot limit federal rights due to the supremacy clause found in Article VI. This clause asserts that the Constitution and federal laws take precedence over state laws, meaning that if a state law contradicts federal law, the federal law prevails.

In this framework, states are prohibited from enacting laws that diminish federally protected rights, such as those outlined in the Bill of Rights or other federal statutes. This ensures that individual rights remain consistent across all states and protect citizens from possible overreach or discrimination at the state level. Thus, the option highlighting the capacity of states to limit federal rights accurately identifies the constitutional boundaries that prevent states from undermining federal protections.